NEW YORK – A new study from South Africa found that more than two-thirds of mothers and other caregivers pre-chew food for their infants — possibly putting those babies at risk of HIV if the caregiver is HIV-clear.
Though the researchers didn’t question the caregivers whether or not they had the virus when they discussed infant feeding, in this area half of them were interviewed at an HIV clinic.
Many caregivers who pre-chewed also had bleeding gums and mouth sores, and some reported giving bloody, chewed food to infants — which could initiation a route for disease transmission if infants were teething or had any cuts in their own mouths.
Pre-chewing — also known as premastication — has also been reported in the US and Latin America.
The current study is “yet one more background nearly the world where someone has said that the do of premastication is bestow in their society,” said Dr. Aditya Gaur, of St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital in Memphis, who did not work on the new research.
“The next thing is to see, how much of a risk does this do pose in terms of transmission of pathogens?” he told Reuters Health.
Dr. Gaur was part of the research team that first tied pre-chewed food to HIV transmission in the US. But in general, he said, “the real proven suitcases where you can show this link are few.”
The new study, led by Dr. Elke Maritz of Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, also could not prove a link between pre-chewing and new HIV infections in infants. But it did show the need to caution caregivers in this area those risks, especially in areas with high rates of HIV and hepatitis B — another infection that could be passed to infants through chewed food, the researchers wrote in Pediatrics.
Maritz and colleagues interviewed 154 infant caretakers, frequently mothers, in the waiting areas of HIV, pediatric and maternal clinics and caregivers’ homes.
Just over two-thirds of them, or 106, said they pre-chewed food for their infants. Fifty-five of those had an oral condition, such as bleeding gums or mouth sores, and 41 reported seeing blood in the chewed food they gave to infants.
It was also common for babies who received pre-chewed food to be teething or to have their own sores or gum bleeding.
“The frequency of reporting blood mixed with the food is of concern, especially as the infants often had oral lesions as well,” Maritz told Reuters Health in an email.
Caregivers who pre-chewed said they did it to test the food’s taste or temperature or to make it into a consistency that was simpler for the baby to eat. Many of them said their own mothers had advised them to pre-chew food. Most probably didn’t know the possible risks involved, researchers said.
“Due to its long history and cultural acceptance, premastication seems to be considered so harmless and natural by caregivers that they tend not to mention it during health interviews, or suspect that here could be something incorrect with this feeding method,” Maritz said.
Pre-chewing is not always a terrible thing, researchers added. For example, pre-chewed food might be a excellent source of nourishment for infants whose families don’t have access to processed baby food and in areas where malnutrition is common.
But it’s vital to balance the risk of malnutrition with the potential to pass HIV through chewed food, Gaur said.
Once researchers have a clearer picture of how common it is for HIV and other viruses to be transmitted that way, doctors can surpass counsel patients in this area their risks, and international infant feeding guidelines can reflect them, he added. But that will take further research.
“Once you become aware of the potential risk you have to share it with your patients, you have to make the community aware of the potential risk,” Gaur concluded. “These studies should translate in terms of counseling and day-to-day do.”
